Estimation of spring caterpillar biomass in hungarian deciduous forests from long-term light trap data – what will the insectivorous bird nestlings eat?

Eötvös Csaba Béla; Hirka Anikó; Gimesi László; Lövei Gábor; Gáspár Csaba; Csóka György

Bulletin of Forestry Science / Volume 13 / Issue 1 / Pages 5-20
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Béla Csaba Eötvös, Anikó Hirka, László Gimesi, Gábor Lövei, Csaba Gáspár & György Csóka

Correspondence

Correspondence: Eötvös Csaba Béla

Postal address: 3232 Mátrafüred, Hegyalja utca 18.

e-mail: eotvos.csaba[at]uni-sopron.hu

Abstract

Numerous recent studies report an alarming decrease in diversity, biomass, or abundance of arthropods in various habitats. Given that they are important food for other organisms, the ecological consequences of such a decline could be severe. We used data from the Hungarian Forestry Light Trap Network to examine whether the spring caterpillar biomass showed any long term (23-58 years) declining trend in oak-dominated forests. Light trap data for 43 selected macrolepidopteran species (suitable bird food in the larval stage) from six different locations were used for the estimation of the total available caterpillar biomass. Time series analyses showed strong year-toyear fluctuations, and over all locations and time windows there was an increasing rather than decreasing trend. The increase found at some locations may suggest increasing herbivore pressure and negative impacts on forest health. We conclude that foliage-feeding macrolepidopteran species with spring-developing larvae did not show a drastic decrease in recent decades. The estimated biomass increase of the caterpillars of some species may have a negative effect on forest health, but a positive effect on the nesting success of birds.

This article is based on the original publication by Eötvös et al. 2021 (No Long-Term Decrease in Caterpillar Availability for Invertivorous Birds in Deciduous Forests in Hungary).

Keywords: broadleaved forest, arthropod abundance, biomass, insectivore, long term trends, light trap

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Dangles O. & Casas J. 2019: Ecosystem services provided by insects for achieving sustainable development goals. Ecosystem Services 35: 109–115. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.12.002

Eötvös Cs.B., Hirka A., Gimesi L., Lövei G.L., Gáspár Cs. & Csóka Gy. 2021. No Long-Term Decrease in Caterpillar Availability for Invertivorous Birds in Deciduous Forests in Hungary, Forests 12(8): 1070. DOI: 10.3390/f12081070.

Georgiev G., Mirchev P., Rossnev B. Petkov P. Georgieva M. Pilarska D. et al. 2013: Potential of Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu and Soper (entomophthorales) for suppressing Lymantria dispar (linnaeus) outbreaks in Bulgaria. Comptes Rendus de L’Academie Bulgare Des Sciences 66(7): 1025–1032. DOI: 10.7546/CR-2013-66-7-13101331-14

Gibb J.A. & Betts M.M. 1963: Food and Food Supply of Nestling Tits (Paridae) in Breckland Pine. The Journal of Animal Ecology 32(3): 489. DOI: 10.2307/2605

Gilroy J.J., Anderson G.Q.A., Grice P.V., Vickery J.A., Watts P.N. & Sutherland W.J. 2009: Foraging habitat selection, diet and nestling condition in Yellow Wagtails Motacilla flava breeding on arable farmland. Bird Study 56(2): 221–232. DOI: 10.1080/00063650902792080

Hajek A.E., Butler L., Walsh S.R.A., Silver J.C., Hain F.P., Hastings F.L. et al. 1996: Host Range of the Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) in the Field Versus Laboratory. Environmental Entomology 25(4): 709–721. DOI: 10.1093/ee/25.4.709

Hajek A.E., Butler L. & Wheeler M.M. 1995: Laboratory Bioassays Testing the Host Range of the Gypsy Moth Fungal Pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga. Biological Control 5(4): 530–544. DOI: 10.1006/bcon.1995.1063

Hallmann C.A., Sorg M., Jongejans E., Siepel H., Hofland N., Schwan H. et al. 2017: More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas. PLOS ONE 12(10): e0185809. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185809

Hallmann C.A., Zeegers T., Klink R., Vermeulen R., Wielink P., Spijkers H. et al. 2020: Declining abundance of beetles, moths and caddisflies in the Netherlands. Insect Conservation and Diversity 13(2): 127–139. DOI: 10.1111/icad.12377

Hirka A., Szabóky Cs., Szőcs L. & Csóka Gy. 2011: 50 éves az Erdészeti Fénycsapda Hálózat. Növényvédelem 47(11): 474–479.

Hlásny T., Trombik J., Holuša J., Lukášová K., Grendár M., Turčáni M. et al. 2016: Multi-decade patterns of gypsy moth fluctuations in the Carpathian Mountains and options for outbreak forecasting. Journal of Pest Science 89(2): 413–425. DOI: 10.1007/s10340-015-0694-7

Holmes R.T., Schultz J.C. & Nothnagle P. 1979: Bird Predation on Forest Insects: An Exclosure Experiment. Science 206(4417): 462–463. DOI: 10.1126/science.206.4417.462

Hrašovec B., Pernek M., Lukić I., Milotić M., Diminić D., Franjević M. et al. 2013: First record of the pathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu, and Soper (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) within an outbreak populations of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in Croatia. Periodicum Biologorum 115:379–383.

Jactel H., Petit J., Desprez-Loustau M.-L., Delzon S., Piou D., Battisti A. et al. 2012: Drought effects on damage by forest insects and pathogens: a meta-analysis. Global Change Biology 18(1): 267–276. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02512.x

Kirstin A. & Patocka J. 1997: Birds as predators of Lepidoptera: Selected examples. Biologia, 52: 319–326.

Klapwijk M.J., Walter J.A., Hirka A., Csóka Gy. Björkman C. & Liebhold A.M. 2018: Transient synchrony among populations of five foliage-feeding Lepidoptera. Journal of Animal Ecology 87(4): 1058–1068. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12823

Leather S.R. 2018: “Ecological Armageddon” – more evidence for the drastic decline in insect numbers. Annals of Applied Biology 172(1): 1–3. DOI: 10.1111/aab.12410

Leskó K.,Szentkirályi F. & Kádár F. 1994: Gyapjaslepke (Lymantria dispar L.) populációk fluktuációs mintázatai 1963–1993 közötti időszakban Magyarországon. Erdészeti Kutatások 84: 163–176.

Leskó K., Szentkirályi F. & Kádár F. 1995: Aranyfarú szövőlepke (Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.) magyarországi populációinak hosszú távú fluktuációs mintázatai. Erdészeti Kutatások 85: 169–185.

Leskó K., Szentkirályi F. & Kádár F. 1997: A gyűrűsszövő (Melacosoma neustria L.) hosszú távú (1962–1996) populációingadozásai Magyarországon. Erdészeti Kutatások 86–87: 171–200.

Leskó K., Szentkirályi F. & Kádár F. 1998: Araszoló lepkefajok fluktuáció-mintázatának elemzése hosszú távú (1961-1997) magyarországi fénycsapdázási és kártételi idősorokban. Erdészeti Kutatások 88: 319–333.

Leskó K., Szentkirályi F. & Kádár F. 1999: A kis téli araszoló hosszú távú (1962–1997) populáció-fluktuációinak jellemzése az erdészeti fénycsapda-hálózat mintavételei alapján. Erdészeti Kutatások 89: 169–182.

Losey J.E. & Vaughan M. 2006: The Economic Value of Ecological Services Provided by Insects. BioScience 56(4): 311–323. DOI: 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[311:TEVOES]2.0.CO;2

Macgregor C.J., Williams J.H., Bell J.R. & Thomas C.D. 2019: Moth biomass has fluctuated over 50 years in Britain but lacks a clear trend. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3(12): 1645–1649. DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-1028-6

Manderino R., Crist T.O. & Haynes K.J. 2014: Lepidoptera-specific insecticide used to suppress gypsy moth outbreaks may benefit non-target forest Lepidoptera. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 16(4): 359–368. DOI: 10.1111/afe.12066

McManus M. & Csóka Gy. 2007: History and Impact of Gypsy Moth in North America and Comparison to the Recent Outbreaks in Europe. Acta Silvatica & Lignaria Hungarica 3: 47–64. DOI: 10.37045/aslh-2007-0004 full text

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Eötvös, Cs. B., Hirka, A., Gimesi, L., Lövei, G., Gáspár, Cs. & Csóka, Gy. (2023): Estimation of spring caterpillar biomass in hungarian deciduous forests from long-term light trap data – what will the insectivorous bird nestlings eat?. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 13(1): 5-20. (in Hungarian) DOI: 10.17164/EK.2023.01

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Volume 13, Issue 1
Pages: 5-20

DOI: 10.17164/EK.2023.01

First published:
7 June 2023

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Hirka, A., Pödör, Z., Garamszegi, B. & Csóka, Gy. (2018): 50 years trends of the forest drought damage in Hungary (1962-2011). Bulletin of Forestry Science, 8(1): 11-25.

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Szőcs, L., Melika, G. & Csóka, Gy. (2013): Data on the parasitoid complexes of leaf mining insects on oaks. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 3(1): 251-259.

Fürjes-Mikó, Á., Csősz, S. & Csóka, Gy. (2019): Role of red wood ants (Formica rufa group) in forest protection in europe – a literature review. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 9(1): 35-50.

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