Determining the bearing capacity of lime-treated soils by the CBR method

Primusz Péter; Kalicz Péter; Kisfaludi Balázs; Péterfalvi József

Bulletin of Forestry Science / Volume 9 / Issue 2 / Pages 139-157
previous article |

Péter Primusz, Péter Kalicz, Balázs Kisfaludi & József Péterfalvi

Correspondence

Correspondence: Primusz Péter

Postal address: H-9400 Sopron, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky u. 4.

e-mail: primusz.peter[at]uni-sopron.hu

Abstract

In this research a set of tests were performed to determine the effect of lime addition and water content on the bearing capacity of cohesive soils. The bearing capacity was measured by the CBR method. Four types of soils were included in the research. Soil samples were prepared from each type by 6 different water content, 4 dosage of lime addition and 3 duration of curing time. It was found, that each soil is suitable for the construction of lime-stabilized pavement layers. As a result of the lime treatment the bearing capacity of each soil was increased. Repeated CBR tests were performed on the treated and untreated soil samples after 4 days of soaking. It was confirmed that the water-sensibility of the treated soils decreased significantly. A regression tree model was ap-plied to create practice-oriented rules for predicting the bearing capacity. Our results support the idea that the bearing capacity of lime-stabilized soil layers can be counted in the total bearing capacity of forestry and agricul-tural road’s pavement.

Keywords: lime, stabilization, CBR%, bearing capacity, regression tree, soaking

References22

1.	Bodon F. 2010: Adatbányászati algoritmusok. Jegyzet. Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem, Budapest.
2.	Breiman L. 2001: Random Forests. Machine Learning 45(1): 5–32. DOI: 10/d8zjwq
3.	Cornides G., Szilágyi J. & Nagy S. 1961: Kohósalak és mész alkalmazása a simonfa-töröcskei erdei út építéséhez. Az erdő 10(6): 244–248. full text
4.	Diamond S. & Kinter E.B. 1965: Mechanisms of soil-lime stabilization. Highway Research Record 92: 83–102.
5.	Fehér T. 2006: A prediktív hatékonyság növelése regressziós fa algoritmussal. In: XI. Fiatal Műszakiak Tudományos Ülésszaka, 111–114. Kolozsvár.
6.	Güllü H. 2014: Factorial Experimental Approach for Effective Dosage Rate of Stabilizer: Application for Fine-Grained Soil Treated with Bottom Ash. Soils and Foundations 54(3): 462–477. DOI: 10/f5966d
7.	Han J. & Kamber M. 2004: Adatbányászat - Koncepciók és technikák. Panem Kiadó, Budapest.
8.	James G., Witten D., Hastie T. & Tibshirani R. 2013: An Introduction to Statistical Learning: With Applications in R. Part of the Springer Texts in Statistics book series (STS, volume 103). Springer, New York. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7138-7
9.	Kézdi Á. 1967: Stabilizált földutak. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest.
10.	Kézdi Á. 1979: Talajmechanika II. Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest.
11.	Kosztka M. 2004: Agyagtalajok stabilizálhatósága mésszel. Kutatási jelentés. Nyugat-magyarországi Egyetem, Erdőfeltárás Tanszék, Sopron.
12.	Ogundipe O.M. 2014: Strength and Compaction Characteristics of Bitumen-Stabilized Granular Soil. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research 3(9): 218–21.
13.	Pankotai G. & Herpay I. 1965: Erdészeti szállítástan. Mezőgazdasági Kiadó, Budapest.
14.	Saitoh S., Suzuki Y. & Shirai K. 1985: Hardening of Soil Improvement by Deep Mixing Method. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 3, Helsinki, Finland, 947–950.
15.	Stocker P.T. 1972: Diffusion and diffuse cementation in lime and cement stabilized clayey soils. Australian Road Research Board Special Report 8, Melbourne.
16.	Szendefy J. 2009: A hazai talajok szerkezetének és teherbírásának változása meszes talajstabilizáció hatására. PhD értekezés. Budapest Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem, Építőmérnöki Kar, Budapest.
17.	Szendefy J. & Vámos M. 2014: A mésszel stabilizált talajok teherbírásának tartóssága, fagyállósága. Útügyi lapok 2(11).
18.	Tan Y., Hu M. & Li D. 2016: Effects of Agglomerate Size on California Bearing Ratio of Lime Treated Lateritic Soils. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment 5(1): 168–175. DOI: 10/gfbxzd
19.	Tárczy L. 2007: Meszes talajkezelés. Közúti és mélyépítési szemle 57(2): 26–28.
20.	Terrel R.L., Epps J.A., Barenberg E.J., Mitchell J.K. & Thompson M.R. 1979: Soil Stabilization in Pavement Structures, a User's Manual, Volume 1: Pavement Design and Construction Considerations. U.S. Department of Transportation.
21.	Yang H. 2012: Experimental Study on Mechanical Property of Soil-Cement. In: 2nd International Conference on Electronic & Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology, Atlantis Press. DOI: 10.2991/emeit.2012.168
22.	Yeh I.-C. 1998: Modeling of Strength of High-Performance Concrete Using Artificial Neural Networks. Cement and Concrete Research 28(12): 1797–1808. DOI: 10/dxm5c2

Bodon F. 2010: Adatbányászati algoritmusok. Jegyzet. Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem, Budapest.

Breiman L. 2001: Random Forests. Machine Learning 45(1): 5–32. DOI: 10/d8zjwq

Cornides G., Szilágyi J. & Nagy S. 1961: Kohósalak és mész alkalmazása a simonfa-töröcskei erdei út építéséhez. Az erdő 10(6): 244–248. full text

Diamond S. & Kinter E.B. 1965: Mechanisms of soil-lime stabilization. Highway Research Record 92: 83–102.

Fehér T. 2006: A prediktív hatékonyság növelése regressziós fa algoritmussal. In: XI. Fiatal Műszakiak Tudományos Ülésszaka, 111–114. Kolozsvár.

Güllü H. 2014: Factorial Experimental Approach for Effective Dosage Rate of Stabilizer: Application for Fine-Grained Soil Treated with Bottom Ash. Soils and Foundations 54(3): 462–477. DOI: 10/f5966d

Han J. & Kamber M. 2004: Adatbányászat - Koncepciók és technikák. Panem Kiadó, Budapest.

James G., Witten D., Hastie T. & Tibshirani R. 2013: An Introduction to Statistical Learning: With Applications in R. Part of the Springer Texts in Statistics book series (STS, volume 103). Springer, New York. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7138-7

Kézdi Á. 1967: Stabilizált földutak. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest.

Kézdi Á. 1979: Talajmechanika II. Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest.

Kosztka M. 2004: Agyagtalajok stabilizálhatósága mésszel. Kutatási jelentés. Nyugat-magyarországi Egyetem, Erdőfeltárás Tanszék, Sopron.

Ogundipe O.M. 2014: Strength and Compaction Characteristics of Bitumen-Stabilized Granular Soil. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research 3(9): 218–21.

Pankotai G. & Herpay I. 1965: Erdészeti szállítástan. Mezőgazdasági Kiadó, Budapest.

Saitoh S., Suzuki Y. & Shirai K. 1985: Hardening of Soil Improvement by Deep Mixing Method. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 3, Helsinki, Finland, 947–950.

Stocker P.T. 1972: Diffusion and diffuse cementation in lime and cement stabilized clayey soils. Australian Road Research Board Special Report 8, Melbourne.

Szendefy J. 2009: A hazai talajok szerkezetének és teherbírásának változása meszes talajstabilizáció hatására. PhD értekezés. Budapest Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem, Építőmérnöki Kar, Budapest.

Szendefy J. & Vámos M. 2014: A mésszel stabilizált talajok teherbírásának tartóssága, fagyállósága. Útügyi lapok 2(11).

Tan Y., Hu M. & Li D. 2016: Effects of Agglomerate Size on California Bearing Ratio of Lime Treated Lateritic Soils. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment 5(1): 168–175. DOI: 10/gfbxzd

Tárczy L. 2007: Meszes talajkezelés. Közúti és mélyépítési szemle 57(2): 26–28.

Terrel R.L., Epps J.A., Barenberg E.J., Mitchell J.K. & Thompson M.R. 1979: Soil Stabilization in Pavement Structures, a User's Manual, Volume 1: Pavement Design and Construction Considerations. U.S. Department of Transportation.

Yang H. 2012: Experimental Study on Mechanical Property of Soil-Cement. In: 2nd International Conference on Electronic & Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology, Atlantis Press. DOI: 10.2991/emeit.2012.168

Yeh I.-C. 1998: Modeling of Strength of High-Performance Concrete Using Artificial Neural Networks. Cement and Concrete Research 28(12): 1797–1808. DOI: 10/dxm5c2

Open Acces

For non-commercial purposes, let others distribute and copy the article, and include in a collective work, as long as they cite the author(s) and the journal, and provided they do not alter or modify the article.

Cite this article as:

Primusz, P., Kalicz, P., Kisfaludi, B. & Péterfalvi, J. (2019): Determining the bearing capacity of lime-treated soils by the CBR method. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 9(2): 139-157. (in Hungarian) DOI: 10.17164/EK.2019.009

previous article |

Volume 9, Issue 2
Pages: 139-157

DOI: 10.17164/EK.2019.009

First published:
15 November 2019

More articles
by this authors

Related content in the Bulletin of Forestry Science*

1.	Kisfaludi, B. (2014): Determining forest road traffic by camera surveillance. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 4(1): 135-145.
2.	Péterfalvi, J., Primusz, P., Markó, G., Kisfaludi, B. & Kosztka, M. (2014): Testing of subgrade stabilized with lime on an experimental road section. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 4(1): 119-134.
3.	Markó, G., Primusz, P. & Péterfalvi, J. (2012): Measuring bearing capacity of forest roads with the advanced Benkelman Beam Apparatus. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 2(1): 107-121.
4.	Kisfaludi, B., Primusz, P., Péterfalvi, J. & Markó, G. (2012): Subjective condition surveying and rating of forest roads. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 2(1): 89-105.
5.	Primusz, P., Péterfalvi, J., Kisfaludi, B. & Biczó, B. (2011): The effect of timber transport on the maintenance and carriage cost of forest road networks. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 1(1): 135-151.

Kisfaludi, B. (2014): Determining forest road traffic by camera surveillance. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 4(1): 135-145.

Péterfalvi, J., Primusz, P., Markó, G., Kisfaludi, B. & Kosztka, M. (2014): Testing of subgrade stabilized with lime on an experimental road section. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 4(1): 119-134.

Markó, G., Primusz, P. & Péterfalvi, J. (2012): Measuring bearing capacity of forest roads with the advanced Benkelman Beam Apparatus. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 2(1): 107-121.

Kisfaludi, B., Primusz, P., Péterfalvi, J. & Markó, G. (2012): Subjective condition surveying and rating of forest roads. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 2(1): 89-105.

Primusz, P., Péterfalvi, J., Kisfaludi, B. & Biczó, B. (2011): The effect of timber transport on the maintenance and carriage cost of forest road networks. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 1(1): 135-151.

More articles by this authors in the Bulletin of Forestry Science

1.	Bazsó, T., Primusz, P. & Németh, M. (2014): The application of TruPulse laser ranger for forestry surveying. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 4(1): 147-158.
2.	Kalicz, P., Gribovszki, Z. & Király, G. (2011): Riparian forest impact onto streamflow recession curve and its meaning. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 1(1): 45-57.
3.	Zagyvainé, K. A., Kalicz, P. & Gribovszki, Z. (2013): Dry weight-dependence of water capacity of the forest litter. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 3(1): 79-88.
4.	Bolla, B., Kalicz, P. & Gribovszki, Z. (2014): Water balance of forests in Kiskunság sandridge. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 4(2): 21-31.
5.	Csáki, P., Kalicz, P., Csóka, G., Brolly, G. B., Czimber, K. & Gribovszki, Z. (2014): Hydrological impacts of different land cover types in the context of climate change for Zala County. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 4(2): 65-76.
6.	Herceg, A., Kalicz, P., Kisfaludi, B. & Gribovszki, Z. (2018): A Thornthwaite-type water balance model for the analysis of the hydrological impact of climate change. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 8(1): 73-92.

Bazsó, T., Primusz, P. & Németh, M. (2014): The application of TruPulse laser ranger for forestry surveying. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 4(1): 147-158.

Kalicz, P., Gribovszki, Z. & Király, G. (2011): Riparian forest impact onto streamflow recession curve and its meaning. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 1(1): 45-57.

Zagyvainé, K. A., Kalicz, P. & Gribovszki, Z. (2013): Dry weight-dependence of water capacity of the forest litter. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 3(1): 79-88.

Bolla, B., Kalicz, P. & Gribovszki, Z. (2014): Water balance of forests in Kiskunság sandridge. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 4(2): 21-31.

Csáki, P., Kalicz, P., Csóka, G., Brolly, G. B., Czimber, K. & Gribovszki, Z. (2014): Hydrological impacts of different land cover types in the context of climate change for Zala County. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 4(2): 65-76.

Herceg, A., Kalicz, P., Kisfaludi, B. & Gribovszki, Z. (2018): A Thornthwaite-type water balance model for the analysis of the hydrological impact of climate change. Bulletin of Forestry Science, 8(1): 73-92.

* Automatically generated recommendations based on the occurrence of keywords given by authors in the titles and abstracts of other articles. For more detailed search please use the manual search.